Aristotle Biography Essay Example for Free

Aristotle Biography Essay Aristotle Aristotle was a prominent figure in history that created many philosophies during his time. He is ranked among the greatest philosophers to ever live. He moved around to many different interesting places during much of his lifetime and loved to teach. In my opinion, the most well-known philosophy is his concept of logic. Because Aristotle’s philosophies and concepts of logic and reasoning have affected much of the past, his legacy will endure for many years to come. Aristotle was born in 384 B. C in Stagira, the small city in the Macedonian region of northeastern Greece. At the age of 17, he moved to Athens to attend Plato’s Academy where he remained there for almost 40 years. He journeyed around the world then for a little while continuing his philosophical activities. When in Lesbos, he married his first wife, Pythias, with whom they had a child also named Pythias. In 343, Aristotle was appointed to be the tutor of King Philip of Macedon’s son, Alexander. This thirteen year old boy eager to learn later became known as Alexander the Great. After two years of teaching, Aristotle’s works were no longer needed because Alexander was already serving as a military commander for his father. After teaching, Aristotle returned to Athens where he built his own school that taught botany, biology, logic, music, mathematics, astronomy, medicine, cosmology, physics, the history of philosophy, metaphysics, psychology, ethics, theology, rhetoric, political history, government and political theory, rhetoric, and the arts. While teaching at his school, Aristotle’s wife had died and they say he had married another woman, Heroyllis with whom they had children. In the year 323, Aristotle had retired his works in Athens and moved to Chalcis, where he died the following year of natural causes. Philosophy was in fact very important to Aristotle and he studied it for many years. Among the great achievements, the concept of logic was in my opinion the most important and well known. Aristotle’s objective of â€Å"the first logic† was to come up with a process of reasoning that would allow man to learn every conceivable thing about reality. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy clarifies this by using the example of As, Bs and Cs. They explain that first, all As are Bs. Secondly, they claim that all Bs are Cs. Therefore, all As are Cs. They also say that anything else taken from this form will be a deduction in Aristotle’s sense. A deduction is â€Å"an argument in which certain things are laid down something else follows of necessity in virtue of their being so†. But it has been proven that some of his concepts of logic are deductions and some are not. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy used the example of university students and the As, Bs and Cs to explain this. They say that all As are Bs; some Bs are Cs; so, all As are Cs. â€Å"They use the university students example by explaining that all university students are literate; some literate people read poetry; so, all university students read poetry†. This is not true so it clarifies the fact that some of his concepts are deductions while others are not. In his philosophical articles, Aristotle also discussed how man might obtain information about objects through deduction and inference. As you can see, Aristotle’s philosophy provided us with a system of logic that to this day is still used by philosophers. Aristotle’s legacy will live on for years to follow because of everything he had accomplished throughout his lifetime. After his death in 322 B. C, his works and philosophies were forgotten and revived about a century after. His works had influenced over seven centuries of philosophy. As it says on the biography. com website, â€Å"Aristotle’s work influenced ideas from late antiquity all the way through the Renaissance. Aristotle’s influence on Western thought in the humanities and social sciences is largely considered unparalleled, with the exception of his teacher Plato’s contributions, and Plato’s teacher, Socrates before him. The two-millennia-strong academic practice of interpreting and debating Aristotle’s philosophical works continues to endure. † Even today, philosophers still look to Aristotle’s work for guidance and inspiration when creating their own philosophies and simply studying philosophers of the past. As you can see, Aristotle’s legacy is still apart of us and will remain influencing others for many years to come. In conclusion, you can see that Aristotle did affect many lives through his philosophies and teachings. Many have studied his works, and added on from the philosophies and concepts he had developed. His legacy will endure on because of all he did and he will be remembered. I had great time learning about Aristotle and his philosophies for this research project. Works Cited: http://plato. stanford. edu/entries/aristotle/ Shields, Christopher. Aristotle. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 25 Sept. 2008. http://www. biography. com/people/aristotle-9188415? page=1 Aristotle Biography. Bio. com. AE Networks Television, n. d http://www. ucmp. berkeley. edu/history/aristotle. html Waggoner, Ben M. Aristotle (384-322 B. C. E.). Aristotle. UCMP, 9 June 1996.

Different approaches to leadership and management

Different approaches to leadership and management In this approach the subordinates or employees have very minute opportunity to make a decision by themselves most of the time the leader used to dictate his employees and control them by himself. This approach is the extreme type of transactional leadership. In which the reward of the work is directly defined by the leader. This approach is mostly used in unskilled labour work where there is no or lessor need of skill or expertise are required. This approach often results in high turnover and high level of absenteeism. In my point of view Marcionne has used this kind of leadership. But because of his foresight thinking and proactive decision making pull out the fiat from the worst crisis of its history when it was about to collapse but Marcionne bravely and intelligently stabilize the condition of the fiat. Democratic leadership approach This is the moderate approach towards the decision making process of the company. In this approach employees are often called for participation. Although the final decision is made by the leader but the employees feels more confidence in decision making because they think that their destiny reward management and other matters are settle by themselves. This approaches although takes more time but the results are often fruitful. This type of leader ship is often used where there is more importance of team work rather than just speed in productivity. In case of Oticon Kolind established this kind of environment in its organisation and there was no segregation on the behalf of seniority or hierarchal rank but just if they want do a work they have to just ask from their team leader. Laissez-faire Leadership approach Actually this is a French phrase which means leave it be and in this approach managers or leaders often leave their employees to work by themselves.it can be proved effective if there is proper and effective feedback system prevails. This kind of approach often prevails where the workers are highly skilled and self-motivated. In Google Corporation this type of the approach is being followed. Oticon Background and market position Oticon was the first hearing aid manufacturing Danish company came into being in 1904. Oticon was number one in market shares of 15% in worldwide hearing aids products in the end of the 70 because their technology advancement in miniaturization enabled them for the mass production of hearing aids. This position was challenged by the invention of the ITE (in the ear hearing airs device) that was a better technological substitute than the BTE which dominated by Oticon. The market share of Oticon dropped from 15% to 7% by 1987 since the introduction of the ITE. Lacking the economies of scale from BTE, Oticon became the number three hearing aids behind Siemens Audiologische Technik (Erlangen, Germany) and Starkey (Minneapolis, USA). With these conditions, we can address the competitive requirements of Oticon in the audiology industry. Being number three is very difficult to sustain any profitable business because it cannot compete with the market leaders in financial resources, marketing, brand equity, as well as technology creation with the companies like Siemens and Starkey. To survive they need to improve from their current strengths of high quality and high cost manufacturer to agile company with highly selected customer focus since quality hearing aids is the standard of regular products. Steps to improve financial and market position. The strategic plan for achieving competitive advantage in this industry can be addressed using Technology advancement Economies of scale Customers Organization innovation. The breakthrough invention of ITE that eroded the market share of BTE is the best way for any company to gain the competitive advantage. The know- how on how the mass produce the needed hearing aids can realize the economies of scales for the new invention like ITE. Targeting specific market segment for the best ROI as well as making a company more agile is also valid method to achieve competitive advantage in audiology industry. After Lars Kolind assumed the position of Oticons CEO, he cut 10-15% of corporate employees and loss-money businesses. He also realized that the company cannot compete with two bigger competitors in technology, marketing and sales because of the financial resources. With these constraints, he could only try to focus on customers and organization innovation. Oticon was targeting the high-priced segment of the market as well as emphasizing to nearly 5000 key hearing aid dispensers and hearing clinics. In the organizational change to make Oticon more agile, he thought if he wanted to compete with big company like Siemens, he could not just make 10% change and expected to beat Siemens. This change has to be radical, the radical new organization will not have formal hierarchical reporting relationships but with a resource allocation system build around self-organized project teams Revolution in Oticon With the globalization of the hearing aid productions and the price pressure from the competition, the best production in the industry is not good enough as the foundation to sustain the business for Oticon. For Oticon to survive and to succeed in this industry, it will need to reduce total cost of conducting the business by 30%. With this figure set as the ultimate goal, a project for Oticon was formed as project 330 to achieve 30% business expense reduction in 3 year. To accomplish this goal, the current organization structure needed to be overhauled. Sustainable competitive advantage can only be achieved with an organization that is creative, innovative as well as flexible. Two tangible actable steps: Dialogue and Action can be used to support this conceptual road map to construct this new organization. This organization should be unique and fast moving as well as highly efficient. The basic characteristics of this new organization are self-defined role (employee can initiate, participate and assemble a project to complete for proper funding) multi-level role (every employee should participated at least 3 projects, in different fields) transparency (knowledge is shared organization wise). This new organization would be a team-based (project-based) organization without formal structure. Three key inhibitors needed to be removed for this new organization: (1) paper, the document that circulates around offices and (2) wall, the partition among offices. The dialogue and action is a more efficient way for communication. With the intention to disband the old, formal hierarchical structure of Oticon A/S, the process to establish an new organization is truly a revolution in business reengineering. After the cost cutting and tweaking the company, Lars Kolind started to turn the company around by producing profit of DKK 22 million in 1989. He knew this business model was not sustainable. He needed to use a radical approach for reorganization to find a sustainable business model. On January 1, 1990, Kolind wrote a 4-page memo (asked all Oticon employees to think the unthinkable) for change, it was the revolution needed for the organization change in Oticon. three critical issues of creating an agile team of 150 employees in head quarter could be identified from this case study (1) The disagreement among old and young employees on this changing process, old managers and older employees and young newer employees that felt the need for the change. (2) Culture barrier in Oticons functional departments that located in different cities, R/D versus Corporate administration. To create this cross-functional team- based organization, he need to breakdown the barrier among internal functional divisions. He felt it would be a disaster to merge these two distinct departments with different cultures. He proposed to have every department to third place to start a brand new corporate culture. 3) Kolind introduced new open plane office structure that removes the wall between upper level and lower level management and introduce latest computer and IT system which enables the employees to directly access any manager at any time. To gathering sufficient momentum for adoption of these new ideas, Kolind devoted himself to preparing employees to move to this new head quarter. He hired Sten Davidsen to manage the change process. Davidsen prepared a one-page map of the change process to informed the progress and steps for employees to follow. Three groups were involved in this changing process (1) one group worked directly with the architects and engineers as they designed the new buildings for the new head quarter (2) one group edited and published projected 330, the newsletter to keep every employee posted on the progress (3) one group was formed with 13 people to train other employee to use the new IT system. Monthly meetings were help to keep every employee with the concept of new organization as well as the new business model. Kolinds leadership in Oticon Without the production of new innovative ITE, Oticon slipped to number three market share in the global market. Although the tweaking of the business by cutting 10- 15% corporation employees and some money-loss business to turn the company around with profit. This cut and cut business model is not sustainable. Being number three, the Oticon lacked the financial resources to compete with Siemens in every business aspects from R/D spending for new technology, marketing, branding, even distribution channels or targeting specific customer segment. The only way to complete with Siemens and Starkey were to create an agile organization that can not be replicated. The thought of non-replicated organization was the main reason for the think the unthinkable Manifesto written by him on January 1, 1990. the only way to compete and survive is to create a total different organization that is agile and competent. As a CEO, Kolind had done enough to prepare his troops to march to the field for the flight. It is always the internal inertia of the old that prevents this advancement. The perception of the company was performed OK created a false impression the change was not needed, to see a CEO full charged for this radical change was viewed as trouble-some by a lot of old employees. Fiat Fiat is an acronym for Fabbrica Italiana Automobile Torino, (Italian Automobile Factory Turin). It was founded in 1899 by a group of aristocrats and businessmen, including Giovanni Agnelli, in the northern Italian city of Turin in Piedmont. The first car produced was called 3V2 HP One hundred fifty workers in a small local factory produced 24 of them in 1900. In 1902, Giovanni Agnelli became the managing director. Fiats first modern factory, Lingotto, was inaugurated in 1923, and a more modern one, Mirafiori in 1939. Both were named for the neighbourhoods in Turin where they were located. Fiat cars first appeared in America in 1908 when a factory in Poughkeepsie, NY was licensed to make them. It functioned until 1917. Currently, Fiat has five factories in Italy; two in Brazil; one in Poland and one in Argentina altogether employing about 53,000 workers, about half of whom are in Italy. Fiat has been controlled by the Agnelli family from the beginning. After Giovanni died in 1945, Vittorio Valletta ran the company on their behalf until 1966 when Giovannis grandson, Gianni Agnelli took over. By the time of his death in 2003, Fiat had grown into a multi-national corporation. Apart from automobiles, Fiat also makes trucks, buses, agricultural vehicles. It invests heavily in research and development and controls such famous luxury car makers as Alfa Romeo, Lancia, Maserati and Ferrari. The company operates in 50 countries, and owns Ia Stampa, Turins daily newspaper. Currently Luca Cordero di Montezemolo is the president but John Elkann, an Agnelli heir, is vice-president, maintaining the Agnelli presence in flesh and blood. In 2008, the Fiat Group had gross revenues of nearly $88 billion. GM And Fiat Strategic And Industrial Alliance Quick facts of the case: In 2000 Fiat and GM enter into a strategic and industrial alliance (Fiat acquires a 5.1% stake in GM and GM acquires a 20% stake in Fiat). The agreement included a put option, which stipulated that Fiat would have the right to sell the remaining 80% to GM after 4 years at a fair market value. Fiat entered into the alliance to save its declining auto division (losses since early 90s) GM entered to keep pace with consolidation trend and to help its European and Latin American divisions. Synergies like cost savings, cross sharing of automotive technologies were focused upon. By 2004, Fiat planned to exercise the put option, but GM rendered it void because Fiat had sold its financing arm and had recapitalized. End of the alliance Mid-2004 GM agreed to help Fiat out of its financial turbulence. However, by end 2004 there were speculations that GM was seeking to sell its stake in Fiat and deny the obligation of the put option. GM argued that the put option was void because Fiat had sold its financing arm Fidis. Fiat countered by saying GM could buyout 51% of Fidis and that Fiats strategic freedom was restricted because the alliance between GM and Fiat stipulated that Fiat could not enter into alliances with others (relationship-specific investment). Fiat agreed to cancel the put option if GM paid $3 billion, but GM only agreed to pay up to the book value of its stake, which was $500 million ultimately GM pays $2 billion toget rid of this put option. Recovery of fiat Back in Turin, the break-up of the Fiat-GM alliance was presented as a triumph. Fiat placed advertisements proclaiming Fiat is all-Italian again. It was about to launch the Grande Punto a sharply-styled, larger version of the mainstream Fiat model and buyers in its home country got the message: Fiats market share took an upturn. At the same time his newly-appointed engineering chief Harald Wester was investigating whether sophisticated computer simulations could eliminate the need to build and test expensive prototypes and thus reduce development time. The result was the new Bravo, which went on sale in Britain last week. It progressed from design to production in a record 18 months, about half the usual time. Table of Contents Different approaches to leadership 1 Oticon 2 Fiat 6

Overpopulation of the Earth Essay -- Environment Environmental Polluti

Overpopulation of the Earth The little animatronic children at Disney World were right, it is â€Å"a small world after all†; maybe even too small. At the beginning of the present century there were approximately 1.7 billion people in the world(Southwick pg.159). Today, there are nearly 6 billion people in the world. The world’s population has more than tripled in the span of a hundred years. Given that the earth’s population is constantly on the rise and seeing as how our natural resources are gradually being depleted, we must ask ourselves: what is to become of us and what is to become of our environment? In order to understand this question we must first have a thorough understanding of whether or not there is a population crisis. Having understood this, we must then look at the consequences, if any, of the aforementioned population dilemma. Finally, it is imperative to see whether the governments of the world have appreciated this situation as a crisis and whether or not they have acte d. I) Population Crisis? Population concerns began in 1798 when Thomas Robert Malthus, an Anglican clergyman, wrote an essay entitled An Essay on The Principle of Population (Malthus). The essay focused on the relationship that he believed existed between population growth and human subsistence levels (by ‘subsistence’, Malthus meant anything from food to jobs to land). Malthus argued that the earth’s population expanded ‘geometrically’ while â€Å"’subsistence increases only at an arithmetic ration’†(Malthus). This meant that at some point human beings would experience a scarcity of land, food and jobs, leading to â€Å"human misery and catastrophe† (Southwick pg. 159). This time of misery is described as a time where the poorest classes in societ... ...ally emphasize sexual education and contraceptive distribution), other governments have offered economic incentives to limit family size, governments like China have tried to coerce their people to limit family size and so on. Some of these responses have been more effective than others. Personally, I would argue that the emphasis should be on sexual education and distribution of contraceptives. Sources: Dolan, Edwin G., Ch. 5 from "TANSTAAFL: The Economic Strategy for Environmental Crisis" 1974, pp. 55-72. Hern, Dr. Warren. "Why Are There So Many of Us?" http://www.drhern.com/fulltext/why/paper.html Malthus, Thomas Robert. An Essay on The Principle of Population http://arts-sciences.cua.edu/econ/faculty/aguirre/resenv.htm#1.%20MalthTheory Southwick, Charles H., Ch. 15 from "Global Ecology in Human Perspective" Oxford Univ. Press, 1996, pp. 159-182.

Cold War :: essays research papers

†¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  War without fighting †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Concerned America and the Soviet Union †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Atlantic Charter, Aug 1941 †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tehran Conference, Dec 1943. FDR, Churchill and Stalin  What to do with Germany †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Oct 1944, Europe divided into sections: Western powers and Eastern Block †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Yalta, Feb 1945  Big Three. Aliies close to victory, Soviets in control of Poland. Cold War may have begun here. a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Germany disarmed b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Split into 4 zones c.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  USSR get half of reparations d.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  USSR join UN †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Potsdam, July 1945 †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Truman is US president a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Germany disarmed b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  De-Nazification c.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  War Crimes d.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Reparations inkind (other countries can take goods) †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Europe in 2 spheres of influence a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Communist b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Capitalist †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Soviets afraid of US economy and atom bomb †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Iron curtain decending upon Europe †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Greek civil war  US and Russia fight with opposing sides, never fire a shot at each other †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  March 12. 1947  The Truman Doctrine †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This doctrine proclaims a policy of containment a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  American foreign policy must contain Communism †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  June 1947, Marshall Plan a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sec. Of State, George Marshall stated that the US would give billions of dollars to whoever wanted it. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  American goal: To rebuild Europe so it doesn’t fall to communism †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Russians refused money †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Other countries took them, but with strings attached a.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Must open money to US goods b.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Must open economic policies for US to look at †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Berlin Crisis: Germany into 4 zones and Berlin into 4 zones †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Berlin in Russian side †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Goods come in by train, road and air †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1948, new gov’t in West Germany †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  East German money was worthless †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1948: Blockade of roads and rail by Soviets into Berlin †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Berlin Airlift: US forces and British forces flew supplies to Berlin †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Soviets gave in 1949

Manipulative Advertising Essay -- essays research papers

Manipulative Advertising According to Tom L. Beauchamp, manipulative advertising â€Å"limits free and informed action† (472). It is sort of like convincing customers to purchase something, but it is based on incorrect or inconclusive information. â€Å"Advertisers use attractive rates, enticing images, and a variety of forms of suggestion to hinder or block reasoned choice† (479). One example is â€Å"phony discounting where retailers present fake percentage markdown from suggested retail prices that are imaginary or artificially inflated† (472). The customers are mislead into thinking they are actually receiving a bargain.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Use advertisements to manipulate people is sinister because â€Å"normal† people’s freedom to choose freely is taken away. The important thing to remember is that it is not what was said and or done by the advertiser, but how a person (people) respond to what is trying to influence them. It is somewhat like lying, but it is the truth stretched out so far that it never seems to reach a lie. Some advertisers do lie and are held accountable in the sense that their business suffers because of it, but for the most part manipulative advertising is very common and well practiced especially in the United States.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A very sad point concerning manipulative advertising is that advertisers, advertise to everyone including those very vulnerable people. Children as well as those with a weak state of mind, such as the ment...

Cupcake Business

I conducted extensive market research and I have considered this project, because I found in my survey that having a cup cake shop is a lucrative business. The shop will specialise only in cupcakes. I have my own unique recipes. This is one of the things which is my strength. Not many people have their own unique recipes. To enable my business to prosper I have the notion of implementing special offers, which introduces the business to the customer. I am lucky enough to have found a good chef which works alongside me to create new flavours. The decisions about the recipes are made by me and the chef, but I have the final word. The structure of the business will be as a Sole Trader. This is the fastest and easiest way of setting up a new business. This type of structure could be danger, because I am responsible with my property.LocationFinding right location is a main key to maintaining a successful business. The ideal location is the centre of town. There are a lot of people passing by. The research I have done shows me that, there aren`t any similar shops within a radius of 10 miles. Opposite the shop is the town`s main bus station, where people can have cupcakes while they are waiting for the bus. My research shows, that there is Primary school and Secondary school right behind the shop. The parents which collect their children pass by the shop. They can also take a good look at what we are offering by looking at the big window display. The smell of freshly made cupcakes will be one of the things, which the children can catch early in the morning.FinanceTo start up the cupcake business you will need approximately  £40,000. I have  £10,000 capital, but I will need a loan from the bank for the additional  £30,000. The research I have done and the special advice I have been given says, that I am not entitled to get a personal loan more than  £20,000. But because of the structure of my business as a sole trader I have an option of getting the full amount of  £30,000. I have a good tailored business plan which has enabled me to obtain the business loan I need. I will be responsible with my own property and this will secure the loan. The loan which will suit me is with a fixed interest rate and equal monthly instalments.Internal informationAll organisations generate a substantial amount of information relating to their operation. This internal information is vital to the successful management of the organisation. The information may be available from a number of sources within the organisation, for example: Marketing and sales information on performance, revenues, markets shares, distribution channels. Sales figures and sales research are very reliable sources of information, because the consumer tells you what they want. Production and operational information on assets, quality, standards.This information will help me to reinvent products to help them sell better. Financial information all on profits, costs, margins, cash, flows, i nvestments. The information about the profits will show me in what direction my business is going in and where I can improve my financial position. Internal documentation such as order forms, invoices, credit notes, procedural manuals. The internal documents are important part of doing an audit. The results of doing an audit also relates to finances.External informationAn external source of information is concerned with what is happening beyond the boundaries of the organisation. This covers any documentation relating to a subject area produced as a summary or detailed report by an agency external to an organisation. Such information may be obtainable from government agencies or private information providers. Examples might include: Telephone directories – this could be used to check for existing companies that are similar. Judgments on court cases – helps to prevent a mistakes made by someone else.Legislation – Food Hygiene Certificate, Health and Safety Certif icate, Fire Safety Certificate. Professional publications – helps to find the right way of running a successful business. Financial services – banks, accountants, solicitors, lawyers. The internet – in today`s days the people use internet most of the time. Social media sites are very popular and are also used as a place where you can advertise your business and generate customers.SummaryMy business would run at a profit if I attract my customers with special offers. This will include discounts for kids and elderly. Regular customers will also be entitled to get a discount for their loyalty. There will be various levels of discounts for corporate clients, depending on how much they order. Low prices and good quality will help me to generate a lot of customers. One of the foundations for starting up a new business is my unique recipes. They are designed by me, but the chef who is going to work with me helps me to prepare them. The recipes are a combination of unus ual flavours and designs.This will also help me to attract new customers. The environment which I provide to the customers must be nice, clean and friendly. When people are in my cupcakes shop, I want them to feel relaxed and comfortable. The staff that I employ will be trained in customer service. They will be polite and respectful. Often team-building is helpful for developing a good relationship between the staff. They also can come up with new ideas, which can be discussed and put into action. I have a good location which is near a bus station, schools and few office buildings. The research I have done shows me that throughout the day nearly 3000 people passing by the shop. The location is ideal for this type of business. To improve my business in future I will make plans for expansion following the above steps. Opening a chain is a good improvement.

Paritcipation in Team Sports Essay

PARTICIPATION IN TEAM SPORTS FOSTERS THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INDIVIDUAL The participation in team sports fosters the development of the individual. Not only giving a person an excuse to exercise, team sports have a few other benefits as well for example social, emotional and physical ones. The participation in team sports is important to the development of the individual. It helps your physical and emotional growth and builds valuable social skills. It also helps to build ones character, develops your people skills, teaches perseverance and develops your integrity, giving you moral fibre. Being part of a team you will have to sacrifice and it asks for a great deal of commitment and perseverance. Giving up on spending time in front of the television and spending it at practise is vital for any team’s success. The fact that you have your teammates around you makes the difficult task of sacrifice and attending every practise very easier as you are there to motivate each other. â€Å"I am a member of a team, and I rely on the team, I defer to it and sacrifice for it, because the team, not the individual, is the ultimate champion†- Anonymous Team sports provide an opportunity to learn discipline, confidence and leadership. It teaches principles such as tolerance, co-operation and respect. Above all it teaches the value of effort and how to manage victory as well as defeat. It will help the individual to also be happy for other player’s successes because they see how it benefits the greater team. The individual will appreciate fair play in their team sport. Playing team sport is the easiest way to stay fit and healthy and still enjoy doing this. Team sport fosters the development of a healthy lifestyle. It is possible to stay fit and healthy playing any sport, but once again having that friend next to you, motivating you through the last twenty metres can definitely not be replaced by any accomplishment in an individual sport. Being part of a team, especially across different cultural barriers can develop and build your character. A team sport can instill core values in an individual, such as, co-operation, sharing and respect. It helps a person connect with others and accept each other for who they are, despite the fact of being different and making mistakes on the field. To be an individual on the sports field can never beat the sensation of belonging to a team. That is why I know that the development of an individual can only increase in a team sport. As we have all heard so many times: There is no â€Å"I† in team. Working together is fun. So, join the team and develop every aspect of your life, while having fun and not being lonely and all by yourself.